Drawing Lines on "Astroturf"

Jeff Bull

The Oregonian's report on the role of MyWireless.org in opposition to Portland's proposed cell-phone tax provides a decent look at how industry-funded pressure groups insert themselves into political fights without revealing the interested, hidden hands involved. These groups, popularly dubbed "astroturf" organizations, are hardly the devil-incarnate, but they certainly abuse the latitude given by the right to free speech. I suppose the happy news here comes through word that the people who matter - Portland's elected officials, City Commissioner Dan Saltzman in particular - know what Wireless.org is and for whom they speak, something that's hard to figure when you visit the "about us" portion of their site.

As for the article itself, it pits "he" - David C. Olson, director of Portland's Office of Cable Communications and Franchise Management - against the "she" of MyWireless.org - an organization found through a website funded by CTIA-The Wireless Association, described in the piece as "the wireless industry's most influential trade group" - and lets them duke it out with some mediating quotes on the side. It's one of these mediating quotes, from Sheldon Rampton of the Center for Media and Democracy (CMD), that provides the impetus for this post. The center offers a massive listing of what they call "industry-funded organizations," which they maintain and build using the "wiki" model. I've already bookmarked it and simply view the CMD's service as unadulterated "good stuff."

Moreover, I think they've got a useful take on how to look at the "astroturf" phenomenon; here's that:

"These organizations purport to represent one agenda while in reality they serve some other party or interest whose sponsorship is hidden or rarely mentioned....Of course, not all organizations engaged in manipulative efforts to shape public opinion can be classified as "front groups." For example, the now defunct Tobacco Institute was highly deceptive, but it didn't hide the fact that it represented the tobacco industry. There are also degrees of concealment. The Global Climate Coalition, for example, didn't hide the fact that its funding came from oil and coal companies, but nevertheless its name alone is sufficiently misleading that it can reasonably be considered a front group."

"The use of the third party technique tends to corrupt journalism, science and the other institutions that it touches. Moreover, using lies of omission rather than commission enables the people who participate in front groups to rationalize that they aren't really doing anything wrong. The logic of the third party technique implies that when PR firms set out to manufacture news, they often want to keep their clients (and themselves) out of the story."

It's clear from the Oregonian's article - at least on an anecdotal level - that, whatever their funding and sleight-of-hand PR, MyWireless.org simplifies the act of "speaking out" for some Portland citizens genuinely opposed to the cell phone tax. That's a service of a sort and I don't take issue with that...not much anyway. But I also believe that it's entirely reasonable to compel such organizations to very publicly note who pays the bills as a cost of doing such business - and, yes, the "about us" screen seems a good place to start.

  • Harold Cade (unverified)
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    I'm more concerned at the way "progressive" groups are adopting the same strategy. Note particularly the number of organizations claiming to use "grass routes organizing and input" that get their hot button issues directly from national campaigns. The issues propagate straight down. I can name any number of local, non right-wing organizations that invite the public to discuss such and such an issue- a call for grass roots organizing- only to restrict the discussion to what the national committee (or local committee that just happens to agree 100%) has decided is the solution/problem. They've left me feeling like I fell for a telemarketing scam. How 'bout a simple rule of thumb? If you can get what you want by having someone sign-up to do whatever via email, don't call a meeting where you seek/will accept nothing more a discussion. As far as disclosure, how about polictical organizations that share membership/agendas/funding 100% with national, partisan organizations not calling themselves non-partisan.
    You all know who you are. The simple principle- used to be leftist bedrock- that the ends do not justify the means, seems to have died a brutal death after the 2000 election.

  • Jeff Bull (unverified)
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    Amen, Harold. I actually meant to point to the similarities of using MyWireless.org's service with what I know groups like MoveOn.org do. It's mainly on the level of mechanical one-stop activism kind of stuff - the form protest emails and such - but, yeah, that stuff leaves me a little queasy as well. From what you've written, I don't believe I've had near as much contact with such groups, but you hardly make it sound pleasant; in fact, what you describe provides me with just one more excuse to sit on my ass...

    But, overall, full disclosure of ties is a must. The sheer volume of media makes it all the more vital to know who's talking in order to have a chance in hell of figuring out why.

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    I just wonder why our newspaper of record took so long to get to something that's been known at least since the beginning of June. That's two full months of the front-group being able to operate behind its cloak without being exposed.

  • number 2501 (unverified)
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    -- more than 2,500 faxes, e-mails and phone calls from people in a tizzy about the tax.

    Saltzman --"it's not as significant as someone who sits down to compose an original letter,"

    Leonard, "he hopes voters recognize that the people behind MyWireless.org "aren't from our state, don't care about our state."

    B!x "front-group being able to operate behind its cloak"

    What about the 2500 local people who took advantage of the service?

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    What about the 2500 local people who took advantage of the service?

    Unless you're privy to some information outside what's presented in the article today, we don't actually know that the 2,500 figure represents local people.

    That doesn't mean they aren't local. Just that the article doesn't actually say they are local.

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    Actually, I guess it reads to imply the full figure is local, and also doesn't specify whether it got that figure from the City, or from the industry. Given the later bits about some offices not even couting after 200, I gather it's an industry-provided figure. And unless the paper got all of the messages in full from the industry front group, we don't actually have any way of knowing if they are local.

  • number 2501 (unverified)
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    Whatever the number. Randy may have disregarded all of them. That is unfortunate.

  • jim karlock (unverified)
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    But they need a cell phone tax to make up for the million dollar per year tax exemption they are voting on tomorrow at city council. The exemption is because a 22 story apartment tower is providing 48 tiny "affordable" apartments. I calculate that the dollar amount of the exemption is actually enough to pay for a penthouse apartment, instead of a 480 sqft studio, for each of those 48 units.

    Sweet deal for the developer.

    JK

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    I'm curious to know what people's arguments against the tax are, beyond just a general "stop taxing me" position (taxes exist, the only issue is what gets taxed and what doesn't). Is there some reason why cell phones in particular should not be taxed, given that we tax landlines?

  • number 2501 (unverified)
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    I'll take a wild guess with, Stop trying take more money till you learn how to spend what you already take.
    What you don't think any misspending occurs? Or bogus tax breaks?

  • jim karlock (unverified)
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    B!X: I'm curious to know what people's arguments against the tax are, beyond just a general "stop taxing me" position (taxes exist, the only issue is what gets taxed and what doesn't). Is there some reason why cell phones in particular should not be taxed, given that we tax landlines?

    JK: The argument that I like best is that the land lines use public right of way and the tax, plus franchise fees, are based on that.

    Cell phones use NO PUBLIC right of way, unless the cell tower is placed on public property (then I suspect it is paying rent.)

    If one wants to argue uesage of the public airwaves, then we need to argue a tax on radios and TVs too. A cell phone is nothing more that a specialized walkie talkie.

    Of course the earliest argument that I heard for taxing phones was that it was a luxery tax (circa WWI). That doesn't play in modern society.

    The reality is that the city needs every dollar that they can grab so that they can continue their grand monument building all over town.

    Thanks JK

  • Ed D (unverified)
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    So which cell phone company do you work for number 2501?

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    Stop trying take more money till you learn how to spend what you already take. What you don't think any misspending occurs? Or bogus tax breaks?

    Yes, did you see the bit where I asked for an argument other than this one? JK did, and managed to actually provide some.

  • number 2501 (unverified)
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    The best reason in the world not to give someone money is that they waste it. How about a public vote on the tax? Randy should come back with his new tax proposal right AFTER he fixes the police and fire disability and retirement fund scandal he helped cause. And ya Ed, only cell phone company employees are opposed to the cell phone tax.

  • allehseya (unverified)
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    "The reality is that the city needs every dollar that they can grab so that they can continue their grand monument building all over town."

    How much of the tax do you think will actually go towards development? I thought the cell tax revenue was being looked at by Council members to be designated to either education or parks?

  • Gil Johnson (unverified)
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    JK: If one wants to argue uesage of the public airwaves, then we need to argue a tax on radios and TVs too.

    I'd go along with that. Most European countries, and many other nations, have a "telly tax," as the British call their TV set tax. The revenues go to various sources. I'd suggest we put cell phone taxes into police patrols and ambulance services, since cell phone use while driving causes auto accidents. And just as some of the tax paid on cigarettes goes to the Oregon Health Plan, because smoking makes you sick, television taxes should pay for education because watching TV makes you stupid.

  • allehseya (unverified)
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    "television taxes should pay for education because watching TV makes you stupid."

    heh.

  • Jeff Bull (unverified)
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    Since I started all this, I figure I ought to join in.

    The thing that jumps out in the whole "why not tax cell phone?" debate is the apparent assumption on the "pro-tax side (OK, the side willing to allow the cell-phone tax) that every object and activity should be subject to taxation. Beyond simple mechanisms like tax abatements to build low-income housing, I'm squeamish about the idea of using the tax code to encourage or discourage given activities; it's created the sprawling monster tax code we now endure. Simplify, man. I'll admit that, with regard to land-line taxation, there's something of an equity issue with the cell phone tax, but that seems less the motivating factor than a basic effort on the city's part to beat the bushes for more revenue. I view schemes like the cell phone tax (OK, "scheme" is a cheap-shot word) as back-door mechanisms, things public officials hope can be enacted somewhat on the sly.

    From the other side, the city provides services everyone uses, even if they don't recognize it. I'm kind of dumbly willing to throw my money at said services (though to nowhere near the extent as Gil Johnson - don't we already pay some form of taxes for the "privilege" of using Comcast's services?), but count this debate as one of those areas in which the Left gets a bit tone-deaf. Anti-tax sentiment is very real and not really all that irrational. Not everyone has our knee-jerk appreciation of government's role in society - especially in Oregon. And the extent to which this one can be knocked down - I thought Jim Karlock did a fair job - suggests a thin justification.

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    b!x,

    The justification for the tax is that more and more users are switching to cell phones only. But national figures from the Bureau of Labor Statistics (as of 2003) estimate that only 4.3% report having no land line (surveys by the CDC and Current Population Study find similar figures). This figure is up from 0.8% in 2001 and is significantly higher among 18-24 year olds who have less stable residences. (Citations: http://www.mysterypollster.com/main/2004/10/arianna_huffing.html)

    I have both cell and landlines; the cell is primarily so that I can keep in touch with my children. Virtually every family I know with teenagers does as well. Has anyone considered whether taxing of land and cell lines will fall overwhelmingly on families?

    And yes, along with others in the City, I simply don't understand how taxes work. My property tax recently flew right by $4000 annually, while a house for sale in my neighborhood listed at $200,000 more than mine has property taxes only a few hundred greater. Another home listed just $40,000 under what my was recently appraised for has property taxes listed 40% of mine.

    And yes again, reading in today's paper how a property tax abatement in an area where condos are selling out at $400 per square foot(!!) doesn't make me feel particularly warm about a new tax on my telecommunication services.

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    One thing that has not come up in the conversation to date is a nexus between the collection of the tax and the usage of the tax. While the decline of the 'land line' tax has hurt the bottom line of city services, there is still a strong arguement to make that a portion of the new tax be directed to telecommunication-related services for low-income residents.

    Wouldn't it be interesting for the Council to create a 2% for Digital Inclusion program? Let's use a portion of the revenues to assist low-income families to purchase a home computer, develop new online services and teach families critical new media skills.

    I would argue that City (or region, or state) has not convincingly created a social or economic development policy that incorporates technology that improves the lives of consumers. David Olson has done a yeoman's job in recognizing and raising these issues. The Mayor has the right intentions. Sam Adams, Randy Leonard and Erik Sten have the right skill set, but in large part his departmental peers and Council members have not clue as of yet how to move forward.

    By the way, a wireless cloud is not a policy, but a tool.

    <h2>Here is a good opportunity to start catching up by putting new dollars into public-private efforts.</h2>

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