Home-Schools & The State...Messy...

Jeff Bull

As I picked through this morning's Oregonian, I came across a report on a decision by the Oregon Department of Education (hereafter ODoE) to deny funds to home-schooling programs that don't meet state educational criteria.

Of course, my first response to the report was, "Um, the state gives money to home-schoolers?"

This basically set off a quick-and-dirty investigation into home schooling in Oregon. For instance, I discovered that the state regulates home-schooling, but not private schools. Students who are home-schooled are required to take and pass standardized tests in grades 3, 5, 8, and 10; public schools are also forbidden from barring home-schooled students from participating in "interscholastic activities," provided they meet some minimum criteria.

Really, it's fascinating stuff and the ODoE organized some nicely concise reading on these rules.

Still, it's rather unusual at the same time. I thought the whole point of home-schooling was to avoid, insofar as possible, all the hoops and BS associated with public schools and yet they clearly have to deal with the same testing requirements. It turns out that the home-schooling community – or at least some parts of it – are fighting the testing requirements using HB 2733 as the vehicle. In case you're interested in that debate, here's a (loaded) pro/con debate on the subject (I use the word "loaded" because for every objection to the bill, they provide an answer).

Returning to the Oregonian's article, it uses a single facility, Village Home Education Resource Center, as a way to examine the fallout from the ruling. From what I gather, this whole thing is based on (I think) OAR 581-022-1350 (here's a link to that for you masochists out there), which requires that any educational entity receiving state funds meet state academic standards; or, as the Oregonian's article puts it:

"The [ODoE] memo says, among other points, that home-schooler programs getting public money 'must assist the students in achieving the local and state academic standards' -- basically that the home-schoolers have to reach for the same standards as other students in the state."

And, if you go to Village Home's website, they mention in several places that they are emphatically not interested in enforcing academic standards:

"Do you offer or require benchmark testing?"
"Participants are subject to the testing requirements set forth by the ESD. All testing related issues are handled through the ESD function, not by Village Home. We do not monitor progress toward benchmarks. That is up to each individual educator (parent) and the ESD."

"Does the parent attend courses with the student?"
"As the primary educator, the Village believes the parent needs to know what is being learned in the classroom so that it can be reinforced at home. Active involvement of parents is required because Village does not claim responsibility for your child’s education.

All that's to the good, I suppose, but this particular Q & A makes for some uncomfortable reading for tax-payers:

"Are you associated with a school district?"
"As a private alternative education program, we need to enter into a service contract with a district in order to access state education funds, but the district is not involved in our operations."

In response to an earlier question about tuition, which the folks at Village Home clearly state will be on the ODoE, they defend this practice with a simple declaration: "We believe that we have a right to utilize education tax dollars to benefit homeschooled children." On one level, this makes sense: they do after all pay taxes like the rest of us, but, with their kids not in public schools, they're not getting the services. Then again, do the parents of private-school students get a tax credit for not using this service? (NOTE: This isn't a rhetorical question: do they?) Should home-schoolers get one? (For the record, I wouldn't go that far; these people are, after all, opting out and public schools, imperfect as they are, contribute to basic civic health)

This is no easy question. For one, from what they put on their site it's clear to me that Village Home views its primary role as, first, providing a place for the home-schooling community and kids to get together and, second, academic supplementals. I count that a laudable goal; after my likely inability to teach my kids the higher reaches of high school math and science, I count the lack of normal, random social interaction the biggest strike against home-schooling. In other words, I see Village Home as providing a valid service.

Further, it seems like the state already has a role in enforcing academic standards for home-schooled students. Why not count Village Home as a kind of interscholastic club in its own right? All of this has me thinking that HB 2377 may not be such a bad idea. In any case, it clarifies something of a messy relationship.

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    Great piece, Jeff.

    Then again, do the parents of private-school students get a tax credit for not using this service? (NOTE: This isn't a rhetorical question: do they?)

    No, of course not. That's called a voucher.

    Tax dollars are not tuition dollars. You don't get them back if you put your kid in a private school. The taxes we pay are not for educating our own kids; they're for educating all kids - even the ones whose parents choose to remove them.

    Keep in mind that people without kids pay the same taxes. You don't get them back if you choose not to participate. That's not how it works.

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    Just to be clear, the parents of the kids aren't getting state money, this entity that claims to be providing services to the kids is getting state money.

    That does still leave the question of why home school organizations ever got money that other private schooling organizations couldn't get? Where did the authorization for the use of state money for that purpose come from in the first place?

    I found the state requirement for testing home schoolers to be a joke. It's supposedly about making sure kids show academic progress, if they don't meet the standards the right to home school can be removed. However, the criteria are ludicrously low. To pass the first test, the composite verbal/math score must at or above the 15th percentile. If it is below the 15th percentile the kid has to take the test again the next year. If the results are worse percentile-wise the second year than the first year, then the state has the option to see that the kid is taught by a certified teacher.

    It would be very interesting to know how many kids last year were required to switch from being taught by uncertified teachers to certified teachers under that rule.

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    Jeff,

    Seconding what Kari C. says, both about the quality of the piece and your question, people who don't yet have children, whose children are out of school, or who never have children, pay taxes for public schools. A lot of them understand that they benefit from good schools, despite opportunistic ideological trashing of public schools as such from the right.

    People whose knee-jerk answer to any social question is to throw a market at it tend to want to privatize schooling. That to some extent is mitigated by the fact that quality of public schools are considered by larger businesses as an important reason to locate or not locate in a place, because it impinges on their ability to attract and retain the employees they want.

    This is something that we ought to put into the debate over education funding. We should point out that it is the right-wingers who are creating a hostile business climate. The rightwing anti-tax ideologues who prevent adequate funding of public education, and of other public services that contribute to the quality of life and the humanity of local communities, have created severe obstacles to attracting businesses.

    Doretta makes an interesting point. It raises in my mind a further question about how these low percentile "standards" for home schoolers compare to the percentile "standards" set as defining schools to be failing or marginal, that have the capacity to bring down sanctions on the schools.

    On the other hand, I have no idea where home schooled kids as a category actually come out on these tests. It would be interesting to know, both the aggregate average and distribution of scores say by deciles.

    Then on my right knee (having only two hands) comes the fact that I object to the tests in principle myself, and suspect that my objections may be shared not only by the smaller body of lefty or liberal home schooling parents but also by at least some of the conservative ones. So if home-schooling parents aren't teaching to the test, and I am worried that distorted notions of standards and accountability that result from the shifting of funding to the state level by Measure 5 etc. are shaping our schools in destructive ways, and if I object to forcing teachers to teach to the test, as I do, then I am not really comfortable criticizing home schooling based on these tests.

    But on my left knee, if we're going to talk about standards, there ought to be a single standard. If something about the experience of home-schooling leads to questions about whether the tests actually do set real standards, those questions ought to be raised about their use in the public schools. People who are raising those questions, like Rethinking Schools, ought to be given a lot more attention. Conversely, insofar as poor performance on the tests is taken as reflecting students being short-changed, we should ask those questions about those home-school situations where that may be happening.

    And, of course, measuring performance by percentile comparisons is not really a standard at all. In a well-functioning school system, the 10th or 5th percentile could still be meeting standards of attaining basic capacities. In a poorly functioning school system, the 90th or 95th percentile might still be failing to meet standards. Asking what percentile a student's score or a school's average score is has nothing to do with what students have learned or how well they have learned it, which is what a makes a substantive standard.

    Finally, I take your point about social interaction up to a point, and I suppose home-schooling parents do too, which is why they want their kids to be able to take part in extra-curriculars. But only up to a point. Don't romanticize "random" social interaction. Personally for me, in a junior high school with 900 students, as a physically small, bookish, intellectually advanced but emotionally immature unathletic kid, random social interaction most frequently meant random physical and verbal abuse. I could have used a good deal less randomness and considerably more cohesive and continuous social interaction.

    That is why the school closures in Portland over the last couple of years sicken me.

    It is not that there isn't an issue with "underused" facilities given current budget constraints. But what a travesty those constraints are. What a terrible thing that we have to treat students in smaller population schools as "over-facilitied" in effect, rather than seeing more space and equipment per kid as an opportunity and figuing out how to use it for better education.

    It is just gross that the response can't be to get more kids into those educational settings that are working well but have space to serve more students, and relieve pressure on other facilities. At both ends, more kids would get the advantage of being in classrooms and school communities that are big enough for learning sociability, but small enough that kids run less risk of falling through the cracks. More would have a coherent, humane social and educational experience, rather than a random, randomizing and disorienting one.

    This isn't Vicki Phillips' fault, given what we've handed her to work with. But by posing the choices as we have through our collective decisions, we've failed our kids, our educators, and ourselves as a city and group of communities.

  • Pete Jacobsen (unverified)
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    Some comments on home schooling in general. First, it doesn't necessarily mean "parent" schooling, just not institutionally directed schooling. My children (long since grown and through college) were homeschooled for part of there learning years, and several homeschooling families organized to provide "specialists" to teach interested students in specific fields. I taught math, physics, and computers, and my students did well - partly because I really was proficient in those areas, partly because I enjoyed those areas, but mostly because the students choose to study the subjects at that time.

    That leads to my second comment about homeschooling: although a sizeable number of parents choose homeschooling for religious reasons, many parents become aware that their children do not necessarily do well when math is taught from 10:25am to 11:05am whether you like it or not (except for tuesday when the entire class walks to the music room to sing whether they like it or not!) Most real-world students get interested in a subject and want to immerse themselves it in for a while. The current subject might be astronomy or cooking or reading or painting. Most of us accept that you cannot cook anything in 35 minutes, and that 9:20 in the morning might not be the best time to cook! Public (or private) schools simply cannot support focused learning like that. Parents decide on homeschooling so their children can concentrate on what excites them, believing (sometimes with some nudging) their children will get a well-rounded education over time, but that it isn't necessary that their education be rounded every single day (or week, or month).

    The third point brings in education facilities such as the one that has gotten your attention. Many parents are very open to getting educational input from organized facilities, as long as the facility doesn't try to run the whole show. Many school districts have set up a small unit, staffed with teachers, to work with homeschooling families. Personally, I think this is a very efficient way to help students learn!

    Pete

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    Chris,

    I believe that average home schoolers do pretty well on standard academic tests and many win contests against public school kids on things like spelling bees, geography tests, etc.

    At the same time some home schooling is pathetic and a form of child abuse. I put my sister-in-law and her child in that category. The mother did poorly in school herself and is not qualified to teach her daughter anything. She pulled my niece out of public school because the school was too liberal. This is the same woman who is married to a drug addict that beat her and raised a son who went to jail at age 19. State tests need to determine whether my niece has learned anything approaching an education, which I personally doubt, for the same reason that some children need to be separated from abusive parents.

  • Michael R. Shearer (unverified)
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    www.homeschoolisolatinginvisible torture.com

    If you didn't experience a great deal of isolating as a child for many years, then you didn't learn the mental torture home school children all experience.

  • Kai (unverified)
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    Why not simply rewrite the laws so that homeschoolers don't test, don't receive state funding, and are free to teach their kids in whatever way is deemed appropriate? Let's look at the facts here...homeschooled children perform better in college testing than their public schooled peers, they often work at a level one or two years above their peers, and they know how to learn independant of a school (forced) environment. They are literally sought after by the top universities in this country. So obviously something they are doing is working, why not just let them alone to continue loving and teaching their kids?

  • tnarmywife (unverified)
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    I just looked at Mr. Shearer website. He has his opinion. And we have ours! This will be our 2nd yr homeschooling our son. He will be in the 5th grade. I could not stand by and watch him pushed to the side at public schools any longer. My son has hearing loss which requires the use of hearing aides. He also has CAPD (central auditory processing disorder). Between the so called peers at the public school teasing him, not wanting to play with him, taking his hearing aides from him and hiding them, teachers not doing anything about that, and watching him sit alone on the playground because nobody wanting to play with him because of his size (for his age, tall and big boned). We pulled him out of public school. He is a lot happier now. Likes to learn now. Yes, he does have interaction with other kids that are homeschooled and they treat him alot better and are more understanding to his disabilities.

  • Sally (unverified)
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    Re homeschooling as "torture" or "child abuse," you might ask my children how "isolated" or "abused" they feel. We were driving home from a play rehearsal not long ago, and my daughter, age 11, was enumerating all the children of various ages whom she knows and considers friends, in (and out) of schools all over the city, just through her involvement in the theatre. "You know," she said, "I'd never know all those people if I went to school."

    In her four years of school -- in England, as it happens -- what she largely experienced was knowing a lot of people who weren't necessarily her friends, and whose manner of interaction was so stressful to her that for the last term she attended she literally cried herself to sleep every night. Funnily enough, since we began homeschooling (two years ago now), her shyness and social stress have mysteriously evaporated. The same child who used to break down in tears if a teacher asked her a question recently wrote a speech and delivered it to the mayor and aldermen of our town to protest the threatened closure of the same children's theatre which has provided her with so many friends. I didn't prompt her to do it -- in fact, I didn't know she had done it until I saw her stand up and speak, eloquently and with great, though controlled, passion. So much for creating an emotional and social cripple. And if it's a "pathetic" excuse for education that she spent a day recently reading "Paradise Lost" of her own volition instead of being in school -- well, ok. I think I like "pathetic."

    We are not Oregonians, so I can't speak to the taxpayer issues before you. In our own state, homeschoolers certainly receive no public monies. Our state law mandates that homeschoolers either register with the state as "independent" homeschoolers or affiliate with a private school program as a "satellite campus;" either way, we are held accountable for our children's progress, either through state-mandated testing if registered with the state, or under whatever measurement scheme a private school might implement. This arrangement mirrors pretty accurately the standards of accountability to which public or private schools in general are held.

    Certainly there are parents who do a poor job of educating their children. There are plenty of certified teachers in public and private schools also doing a pretty poor job of educating lots of children: as a former public school teacher, I can attest to that in spades. There are homeschoolers who excel and those who don't, but the same is true of any population of children in any edcuational setting.

    Statistics and my own experience both seem to indicate that by and large, homeschooled children not only perform well academically but are heavily involved in many rewarding activities -- arts, community service, sports, etc -- which expose them to a far broader spectrum of friends than the age-peers with whom the schooled child is more or less isolated for twelve years. Adults who were homeschooled as children seem no more likely to be socially maladjusted or in any way disadvantaged than their institutionally-schooled peers.

    A closing anecdote: my husband is a college professor, and recently, at the end of the term, we invited a small group of his students over for a barbecue. The talk turned to homeschooling, and my husband asked if anyone among that group of students had been homeschooled themselves. Five out of seven people raised their hands -- five out of seven bright, articulate, focused, thoughtful, personable people, the products of homeschooling. By its fruit the tree is known.

  • Judi (unverified)
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    I homeschooled my children from my knee, through 6th grade. They tested consistently in the 99 percentile across the board in Oregon. I was among parents who opted to have them join activities at churches and in community groups rather than participate in state school offerings which carried with them the price of the state school dictating scholastic content. They were in dramas, help groups, dance, sports (not organized for competition, but on a casual basis) and full of joy. They are not only bright children, but physically beautiful and never knew an enemy.

    I watched them learn to think for themselves, have bright, caring personalities. They reached out to other children who were hurting. I felt one of the most precious things I was accomplishing was to keep them in an environment where learning was a joy and nurtured in the moment of interest with often one-on-one, hands-on, joyful activity. Furthermore, my daughter who was wiggly did not get labeled hyper, was not punished for moving and laughing (as is almost necessary, when trying to instruct 25 students at once. ( I have extensive classroom experience). My children did not immediately take on the most immature values of whatever peer happened to be dominant, in order to survive. I taught them about all the scientitsts and inventors, explorers, statesmen of history, as well as the politically correct ones required by today's racial quotas. They loved old histories that told personal stories of figures from a past era. Together we studied nature in life, not just in books, cooked to measure, experimented, used math manipulatives and found figures everywhere. By the ages of two and three they were delighting medical office personnel with pointing out systems and organs they had learned in games.

    In 6th grade we moved out of state. They were accepted on the basis of their tests. They read 11 years estimate beyond their peers. They were each valedictorian of their eighth grade classs and have colleges, "Who's Who, Nobel, etc. pursuing them in their freshman and sophomore high school years. Teachers are formally commending them for their behavior and scholarship. This is not because I'm phenomenal, but because personal attention is always better. Different children cannot always have their learning style addressed in a classroom or have the assurance of mastery before continuing to the next point. Teachers might love to see it, but it is very difficult to do in a classroom where more and more content is required to be skimmed through on a daily basis to teach to tests. A thorough grasp, in a calm approach means greater comprehension and efficiency in learning after the basics are lain down firmly. A child can breeze through in three hours what their peers go through in a week. Then they have free time to develop socially, artistically, creatively, mentally and even in a business-mode, as they enjoy. I descry the move in this nation to force children earlier and earlier into Headstart programs and early learning. I've watched nervous little chldren, who do not have the hand and eye coordination for what they are attempting to do, get shaky, trying to please. Sometimes they still are punished somehow for not having the skills to keep up. They hate school from the git-go. Many want everything "spoon-fed" to them. Those who make it through the public school system with a good education are often those who have the most help at home. Every child has need of parental involvement. If we could only give them caring, drug-free parents who had benefitted from their own education. So many homeschooled children are fortunate to have this.

    The year before last, I took my daughter out to homeschool her one year. She had had the misfortune to get into a class that had the reputation in the whole school for being cruel and unaccepting when she entered school. The teachers loved her and told me the children were not giving her a chance because she wasn't from here. She was terribly unhappy and suddenly withdrawn. She is much better after a year in home school, but this state allowed her work to be passed over despite the fact that she was under the required umbrella school and enrolled online as well. They ignored every credit she got that the local high school didn't offer and she had to test out of every subject she took, despite having 99 percentile in all the standardized tests the public school students took. I had paid so she could have the online material. She and others who were homeschooled were all made to sit out for an entire day and start their classes late despite being pre-registered. It was done just to humiliate them. She is still an A student despite having been entered into Algebra mid-way through the school year. She was only able to have gotten into her sophomore year, she was fortunate to have, for her appointed counselor, a teacher who had transferred upward from her grade school. She knew her and went to bat for her.

    My son started out in my daughter's sixt grade class but was removed, despite being the top student, because county regional officials thought he was too young. It turned out to be a blessing, because the boys in his class were very unruly and mean. The class he was placed in was very open and accepting and he has all confidence. He has been active in Academic Bowl and county math competitions and done well. Other home schoolers who have no one to help them get eaten up by the system, sometimes by spiteful educators who "hate homeschoolers", more often than by social ineptitude. Other educaters are good to them.

    I've seen a very small number of homeschoolers whose parents were not up to the task of teaching them or who were perhaps abused, but not nearly the number of products of abusive parents I've seen in the public school system.

    I stand in awe of some excellent teachers who give much more one-on-one in the classroom than people would ever realize. But I am amazed how little others accomplish with far more resources than most homeschool parents could ever afford. Neither situation is always perfect, but both are viable and neither is less worthy of state approval or monies.

    Unfortunately, if the state dictates the standards, homeschooling loses part of the very element that gives it charm and flexibility. The only reason I quit homeschooling was that working full-time outside my home, gave me less time to do it justice.

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