Gay Marriage Debate

Jeff Alworth

The people have spoken, and now it's the Oregon Supreme Court's turn.  If the issue of gay marriage seemed murky before November, it's all the more murky now that Measure 36 has passed, apparently writing language into the Oregon Constitution that conflicts with other sections.  At issue for the Supremes are several questions, central among which are:

1.  Did Multnomah County have the right to issue licenses to same-sex couples?
2.  What's the status of the licenses issued prior to the passage of Measure 36?
3.  What legal rights do gay couples have under the law?

That last one is particularly thorny.  Recall that in March, Oregon AG Hardy Myers took particular care in pointing out that the Oregon Constitution, however explicit Measure 36 may have been in removing rights, still has an equal-protection clause that guarantees them:

“No law shall be passed granting to any citizen or class of citizens privileges or immunities, which, upon the same terms, shall not equally belong to all citizens.”

It is possible that the result will look like a loss for proponents of both sides of this debate.  What do you all hope the Court decides?

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    FWIW, having recovered from my long Wednesday in Salem, Greyhound accident, and morning OPB session, I should have some stuff up later today about yesterday's oral arguments.

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    Good man--we look forward to it.

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    I hope we end up, at the very least, equating this aspect of discrimination against gays to similar actions taken against non-whites not so many years ago.

    It IS just as odious and contemptible, and it IS the same at its root: discriminating against a group of people over something which they (or for that matter, we) cannot control. Whether it's a product of heredity or environment, being gay isn't a choice, just like being black isn't a choice.

    Which is why I have to bite back the acid in my throat when I see people who ought to know better lining up in support of, even leading, the fight to pass Measure 36. Not much better are the people who abstained from this vote. Another whole can of worms I don't wish to open is the religious aspect of this measure. I know people who abstained or voted Yes because their churches told them to, and it sickens me.

    I said before it passed that it would be found unconstitutional. I also hope that comes to pass sooner rather than later.

    Until it is so found, we might as well bring back Jim Crow and institute all of Pete Wilson's racist anti-immigration agenda for all we've (not) learned.

    Until then, we're Idaho without the panhandle or the hoods.

  • the prof (unverified)
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    Based on the comments I heard at the town meeting, I struggle a bit understanding how the Yes on 36 crowd can oppose civil unions. I thought defense of marriage was key.

    Public opinion polls, both in Oregon and nationwide, are clear: a majority supports civil unions but not marriage. It is misleading to read any civil union message into the Measure 36 vote.

    Not surprising that this is being attempted, mind you, but disappointing nonetheless. I'd always hoped that civil unions would be the way to paper over this social division, at least for the short to middle term.

  • Ruth (unverified)
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    Wish I understood the finer points of the law here...but surely the equal protection clause, and the obvious compromise of civil unions, will emerge despite all the smoke-blowing from the Citizens for Intolerance or whatever that group's name is.

    I do worry about the politicking from the pulpit--not just on this issue, of course, but pro-Bush and all the rest. Don't see how churches that promote candidates can be allowed to retain their tax-exempt status. Not to mention the un-Christian nature of the neocon worldview.

  • Jesse (unverified)
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    I think, from what I've read on the proceedings, that the justices gave every indication that they want to avoid the "can of worms" that could potentially be this case. It's sad, really.

    However, justices do look for the most concrete and legal foundation on which to issue a ruling. In this case, I'm just not too sure. One could question the decision of Mult. county to issue the licences. However, I think given the marriage statutes of the time (males over the age of 17 and females over the age of 17) the argument is whether the county redefined the "common qualifications to obtain marriage licenses" or simply reviewed them with respect to the equal privileges clause.

    Bottom line, I think the justices want to rule as simply as possible: Multnomah was wrong to issue them, therefore they're invalid. Case closed.

    That they don't want to visit the larger question is perhaps less a sign of the possibilities for civil unions and more a sign of a supreme court wanting to reside in the legal foundation of the letter of the law. (Measure 7 was unconstitutional not because the court valued our land-use system, but because it altered the constitution in two places, etc.)

    But what do I know.

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    Based on the comments I heard at the town meeting, I struggle a bit understanding how the Yes on 36 crowd can oppose civil unions. I thought defense of marriage was key.

    Then you'll really struggle when you see what the Defense of Marriage Coalition plans to do next, if Kelly Clark's oral arguments are any indication. His position before the Court on Wednesday was that if plaintiffs want civil unions, they can't go into the courts saying simply, "Give us access to all the same rights and benefits as exist under marriage." According to Clark -- and likely, therefore, the DOMC -- they would have to petition for each and every single right and benefit, specifically spelled out an enumerated.

    In other words: Ignore the DOMC's statements to the contrary, because they are going to try to put roadblocks in the way of civil unions.

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    In which case, maybe I'll stop getting grief for linking to the DOMC website using the name Special Rights for Heterosexuals Coalition.

  • Jud (unverified)
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    That's an interesting equal protection clause. Did Measure 36 "grant[] to any citizen or class of citizens privileges or immunities" not equally belonging to all citizens? To wit: "It is the policy of Oregon, and its political subdivisions, that only a marriage between one man and one woman shall be valid or legally recognized as a marriage."

    In the tradition of nitpicking:

    Is marriage a privilege or immunity?

    If it is, does restricting a valid marriage to one man and one woman make marriage "not equally belonging" to all citizens?

    Presumably, gays could still get married, as could all other citizens of Oregon. They just couldn't marry each other. I realize that's a ridiculous argument, but I was just trying to think how Measure 36 could survive (which I don't want it to do). The measure would be more clearly unconstitutional if it said "No marriages for homosexuals" because then it would not be a grant for all citizens.

    Signed, Devil's Advocate

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    Bottom line, I think the justices want to rule as simply as possible: Multnomah was wrong to issue them, therefore they're invalid. Case closed.

    If Hardy Myers' opinion is any indication, that's how they'll go. I think the case demands some clarification on the apparent conflict between M36 and the equal-protection clause, however.

    In other words: Ignore the DOMC's statements to the contrary, because they are going to try to put roadblocks in the way of civil unions.

    As I just mentioned on the Communique, b!X, I really hope they do. I relish the spectacle of the the anti-rights folk having to stand in front of a judge and enumerate the rights they think gay and lesbians should be exempt from receiving. Bigotry is an ugly thing. It suffers most seriously from exposure. I look forward to the case getting plenty of light over the coming days and weeks.

    Finally, Jud, I think you've hit on the key question--what is the legal status of "marriage." As you note, of itself it doesn't appear to be a special privilege. But the status it confers has enormous implications about privilege, immunities, and rights. That's why we really need a legal opinion on it.

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    I think the case demands some clarification on the apparent conflict between M36 and the equal-protection clause, however.

    Well, the thing is, there isn't a conflict from a constitutional standpoint. You can't declare a constitutional provision (which M36 now is) unconstitutional because it is part of the constitution.

    In essence, the constitution is permitted to have conflicting provisions.

    The only way the Supreme Court could reach the question of constitutional problems with M36 is one of the basis of procedure. To wit: If the Court were to rule that the 3,000 licenses from Multnomah indeed were valid at the time they were issued, they would then have to decide whether or not M36 nullifies them retroactively.

    And if M36 did nullify them retroactively, then M36 not only amended the prohibition on discriminatory granting of privileges, it also amended the provision barring retroactive negation of contracts. Which would meanM36 amended more than one part of the constitutional and therefore was procedurally invalid.

    But you'll notice how that entire chain of reasoning depends entirely upon the court ruling the 3,000 licenses valid at the time they were issued. If they rule they were not valid, then none of the rest of the above is triggered.

  • Jesse (unverified)
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    B!x brings up the crux of the case, I believe. The justices do not have to rule on the equal privileges issue because the case isn't about equality, it's about process.

    The question is, how do you rule that the county's issuance of the licenses was valid? It can be done, but I fear it's a big leap in judicial thought.

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    Keep in mind as well that one option the Supremes have is remanding elements of this case back down to the trial court. So we might not even get a Supreme ruling on some of these issues at all.

  • BlueLady (unverified)
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    It sure sounds like the justices only want to rule on whether Multnomah County jumped the gun.

    The conflict between M36 and the equal protection provision has to be resolved sooner or later. How ironic if the DOMC eventually forces the court into endorsing the Benton County solution: nobody gets a marriage license--no civil marriage at all. If M36 denies one group of citizens the right to make a particular kind of contract in good faith, then nobody ought to have access to making that contract. Right?

    After all, any religious body is free to sanctify relationships as it sees fit. And, it would be relieved of the burden of acting as an agent of the state/county. A competent lawyer can certainly deal with all those contracts necessary to afford the protections that used to come automatically with marriage, right? OK, so maybe the tax code would get simpler without joint filing, but aren't lawyers' fees and tax penalities a small price to pay to Defend Marriage?

    I do hope that in light of the Tanner Decision the justices would not be so cynical as to suggest that gays and lesbians can indeed marry--they just have to pick the M36 appropriate partner. Wouldn't that be endorsing bad faith contracts at the very least?

    Needless to say I do not even play a lawyer on TV.

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    The conflict between M36 and the equal protection provision has to be resolved sooner or later.

    At the federal level perhaps, just not on the state level (see my previous point about the Constitution being allowed to conflict with itself).

    But there's a catch here, which was brought up in the post-game discussion at Willamette University. Any lawsuit against M36 on the grounds that it violates the federal constitution, as the ACLU sees it, may trigger a renewed push for a federal constitutional amendment. So don't look for such a federal lawsuit anytime in the near term, because the ACLU appears to not want to take that chance.

  • BlueLady (unverified)
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    I understand that M36 is now part of the Oregon constitution along with Article 1 section 20. It just seems to me that since M36 puts limits on who can make a marriage contract, and Art.1 Sect. 20 says that contract can't offer "privileges and immunities," the privileges that come automatically with marriage (tax status, property, etc., etc.) all become suspect. Wouldn't marriage law have to change to eliminate the special privileges?

    Not to go off topic, but can you offer other examples of conflicting provisions in the Oregon Constitution and how statutes deal with the dilemma?

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